The Australian Wine Research Institute Blog

Vale Ken Pocock

3 September 2025 >

3 September 2025

Mr Kenneth Frank Pocock OAM
20 January 1942 – 25 August 2025

Kenneth F. Pocock B.Ap.Sc. OAM, was a trailblazing wine researcher whose work shaped Australian and international winemaking for more than half a century. He passed away peacefully on 25 August 2025, aged 83.

Ken dedicated his life to advancing the science of wine, beginning at the Australian Wine Research Institute in 1967 as an Experimental Officer then later becoming a Senior Chemist. His career spanned 58 years; 42 as an employee and 16 years as a consultant, mentor and volunteer. Ken’s research provided breakthroughs that improved wine quality, reduced waste and saved the industry millions of dollars worldwide.

Among his many contributions, Ken developed the wine haze predictive test in 1973, a method that enabled winemakers to prevent haze and consistently produce clear, stable white wines. The test became the industry standard in Australia and overseas and remains in use today. His further research identified the specific grape proteins that cause haze, provided viticultural strategies to reduce them and determined the optimal timing of bentonite addition during fermentation to mitigate haze formation. These advances have improved efficiency and reduced waste across the industry.

Ken’s expertise extended to many facets of wine science, including sulfur dioxide analysis, phenolic ripeness and extraction, oak treatment and oxidation prevention. His insights into these areas not only deepened scientific understanding but also directly enhanced wine quality and consumer enjoyment.

Ken’s key research outcomes:

1970 – Assisted in developing the Rankine still for measuring SO2 concentration in wines. This method was readily adopted by industry and continues to be used as a reference method for wine SO2 analysis.

1973 – Developed the wine haze predictive test that became and remained the industry standard method. Enabled the reliable production of quality white wines.

1998-2004 – Developed a body of knowledge on the factors influencing the amount of haze-forming components in grapes that contribute to wine instability and haze. Enabled winemakers and viticulturalists to make informed decisions about strategies to minimize haze formation.

2011 – Completed research into the optimal timing of bentonite addition during winemaking. This knowledge changed the industry practice in mitigating haze formation that enabled optimal production of clear and bright white wines with minimal waste production.

2018 – Contributed to the development of a new predictive test based on the 1973 heat test.

Ken was widely respected for his scientific rigour, his generosity in sharing knowledge and his dedication to supporting both researchers and winemakers. His work has had a lasting impact on the Australian wine industry, cementing his legacy as one of its most influential wine scientists.

In recognition of his service and contributions, Ken was awarded the Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM) in 2023.

Ken will be remembered not only for his achievements in wine research but also for his humility, collegiality and commitment to the betterment of the wine industry. He leaves behind a legacy of innovation and collaboration that will continue to benefit future generations of researchers, scientists and winemakers.

A memorial service will be held in October with details shared on AWRI’s social media channels.

Agrochemical update: APVMA announces final decision on fenitrothion – use on grapevines to cease

1 September 2025 >

1 September 2025

The Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority (APVMA) recently handed down its final regulatory decision that the insecticide fenitrothion, used for the control of locusts and grasshoppers, is no longer supported and that a 12-month phase out period has commenced (APVMA Gazette,19 August 2025). This AWRI eBulletin provides a summary of implications of this decision for the wine industry.

Decision and implications for use
The APVMA has determined that the continued use of fenitrothion on grapes is NOT SUPPORTED. A number of registered chemical product labels have changed as a result of this decision; including removal of use on grapes against locust and grasshopper pests. In addition, Sumithion ULV premium grade insecticide (APVMA product number 50774) has been cancelled.

A 12-month phase-out period has now begun, during which time products bearing the previously approved labels may continue to be sold and used. After 14 August 2026 (“last use date”), it will be an offence to have possession or custody of fenitrothion products with old labels indicating permitted use on grapes.

As a result of this final decision, and in accordance with fenitrothion being listed in the Agrochemicals registered for use in Australian viticulture 25/26 (‘Dog book’) as “restricted for use by some wineries”, any vineyard owners considering application of this active prior to the “last use date” must do so in consultation with their winery/grape purchaser.

‘Dog book’
The current version of the ‘Dog book’ will remain unchanged as a result of the APVMA’s final decision on fenitrothion, given there is a one-year phase-out period applicable for use on grapevines. Changes will apply to the 2026/27 publication.

Managing custody of your de-registered agrochemicals
Safely manage storage of any fenitrothion products you hold in stock and fulfil requirements of certified membership of Sustainable Winegrowing Australia, by:

  • Segregating the de-registered fenitrothion products from the remainder of your insecticides within your chemical shed.
  • Making a note on your chemical inventory of the “last use date” of these fenitrothion products.  Registering any stock unused by this date with ChemClear  for collection.

Further information
For enquiries about the final decision on fenitrothion, please call (02) 6770 2400 or email chemicalreview@apvma.gov.au.

For further information on cancelled agrochemical products, refer to the AWRI website. For all other technical viticulture or winemaking enquiries, including those relating to Sustainable Winegrowing Australia, please contact the AWRI helpdesk on 08 8313 6600 or helpdesk@awri.com.au.

Acknowledgement 

This eBulletin is supported by Wine Australia with levies from Australia’s grapegrowers and winemakers and matching funds from the Australian Government. AWRI is a member of the Wine Innovation Cluster in Adelaide, SA. 

Agrochemical update: Products with cancelled registrations

25 August 2025 >

25 August 2025

With spring fast approaching and the spray season almost upon us, the AWRI encourages growers to review agrochemical stocks for use and safe disposal, based on the following:

  1. Agrochemical active ingredients recently reviewed by the APVMA for which “last use date” falls in the early part of the current 2025/26 growing season.
    Diazinon – last permitted use date on grapevines is 10 September
    Chlorpyrifos – last permitted use date on grapevines is 30 September
  2. Highlighted changes to APVMA registration status for selected agrochemical products.

The products in the table below held active registration with the APVMA for use in Australian viticulture during the 2024/25 growing season, however ceased registration with the APVMA on 1 July 2025. These products now have a “last use date” of 30 June 2026.

Product name APVMA  status Last use date APVMA product number Active ingredient(s) Target(s)
Alpha C 100 EC Stopped 30/06/2026 66052 alpha-cypermethrin Pink cutworm, Apple weevil, Garden weevil
Axion MZ WG Stopped 30/06/2026 87679 mancozeb +
metalaxyl-m
Downy mildew
Axiom MZ 720 Stopped 30/06/2026 51217 mancozeb + metalaxyl Downy mildew
Custodia Stopped 30/06/2026 66541 azoxystrobin + tebuconazole Botrytis, Downy mildew, Powdery mildew
Downright Stopped 30/06/2026 70040 dimethomorph Downy mildew
Ethephon 720 SL (Ozcrop) Stopped 30/06/2026 66352 ethephon Plant growth regulator
Ozcrop Ethephon 720 SL (Rainbow) Stopped 30/06/2026 64841 ethephon Plant growth regulator
Getset Stopped 30/06/2026 69716 chlormequat Plant growth regulator
Thiragranz Stopped 30/06/2026 48621 thiram Black spot

Safe Disposal
The ChemClear program, managed by AgSafe, provides a safe disposal pathway for unused or obsolete agricultural chemicals. To participate, register your chemicals for disposal at a local collection point via this registration form or call 02 6206 6888 for more information.

Further information on cancelled products and last use date
The 2025/26 Agrochemicals Registered for Use in Australian Viticulture (the “Dog Book”) (released 1 June 2025) lists some cancelled products and final permitted use dates to assist growers to plan for the use and safe disposal of stock prior to the last permitted use date.

A comprehensive list of product registration status, including those in the above table, can be viewed on the AWRI website.

Acknowledgement 

This eBulletin is supported by Wine Australia with levies from Australia’s grapegrowers and winemakers and matching funds from the Australian Government. AWRI is a member of the Wine Innovation Cluster in Adelaide, SA. 

eBulletin: New guide on vineyard removal and waste management

20 August 2025 >

20 August 2025

Removing a vineyard is a major undertaking. It requires careful planning, budgeting and responsible waste management. To support growers, a new Vineyard Removal and Waste Management Guide has been developed with funding from the Wine Grape Council of South Australia and Department of Primary Industries and Regions South Australia.

The guide provides practical advice and cost insights for vineyard removal, outlining:

  • A step-by-step process for vineyard removal – considering dripper tube, wires, posts and vine removal through to site levelling.
  • Waste management options for the major waste streams, with advice on re-use, recycling, storage and disposal in line with the waste hierarchy.
  • Cost considerations, and highlighting the impact of vineyard size, layout, post type and contractor involvement on final removal costs.
  • A planning checklist to identify key steps that will improve your project’s efficiency and reduce its cost.

A separate excel Vineyard Removal and Waste Planning Tool has also been designed to assist growers in managing key costs associated with the vineyard removal process. This tool is particularly useful for budgeting, allowing for cost comparisons of activities conducted ‘in-house’ or via a contractor.

For more information, contact the AWRI Helpdesk on (08) 8313 6600 or helpdesk@awri.com.au.

Agrochemical update: new captan restriction on use

29 July 2025 >

13 AUGUST 2015

The European Union have notified of a change to the maximum residue level (MRL) and residue definition for captan. The MRL for captan has changed from 0.02 mg/kg (limit of quantification) to 0.03 mg/kg (limit of quantification), and the residue definition is now the sum of captan and THPI (expressed as captan). THPI (tetrahydrophthalimide) is the main metabolite when captan breaks down. The change is expected to enter into force in early January 2016. To comply with the new residue regulations, captan is not recommended for use on grapes destined for export wines.

The AWRI is supporting Wine Australia and Winemakers’ Federation Australia who are working through the Federal Department of Agriculture to resolve this trade issue.

Alternative chemical options for control of black spot, botrytis bunch rot, downy mildew and phomopsis cane and leaf spot are listed in the ‘Dog book’. The AWRI recommends growers consult with their winery and follow their winery guidelines for agrochemical sprays.

For more information, please contact Marcel Essling on 08 8313 6600 or email helpdesk@awri.com.au.

**Note: the information in this eBulletin has been superseded: the EU MRL for captan 0f 0.02 mg/kg for winegrapes refers to captan only

July 2025 Technical Review available now

16 July 2025 >

16 July 2025

The July 2025 issue of Technical Review is now available!

Technical Review is the AWRI’s own technical publication, which includes updates on AWRI research and a curated selection of the most recent grape and wine literature recommended by AWRI Emeritus Fellow Dr Peter Dry and Engagement Specialist Matt Holdstock.

Australian winemakers and grapegrowers can visit the library catalogue to view abstracts and request the latest non-open access journal articles from the John Fornachon Memorial Library, free of charge. Register for a new login or use the forgotten password link to reset your password.

While you are there, check out the library’s new database containing more than 765 immediately available digital journals and magazines, and set up alerts to be notified about new issues or key topics of interest to you.

If you have any questions or require assistance, contact us at infoservices@awri.com.au for assistance.

Our library team will also be at WineTech 2025 from 21-23 July at the Adelaide Convention Centre. Swing past stand 1113 to say hello, have a chat, and explore everything the AWRI has on display. We’d love to see you there!

Access the full issue of Technical Review online, or view a small selection of our recommendations from this issue below:

AWRI publications

  • Assessment of PFDA toxicity on RTgill-W1 cell line via metabolomics and lipidomics approaches. [Read full-text onlineAquatic Toxicology
  • AWRI: Celebrating 70 years and innovating for the future. [Read full-text onlineAustralian & New Zealand Grapegrower & Winemaker
  • Exploring consumers’ drinking behaviour regarding no-, low- and mid- alcohol wines: a systematic scoping review and guiding framework. [Read full-text onlineJournal of Marketing Management
  • Genetic and phenotypic diversity of wine-associated Hanseniaspora species. [Read full-text onlineFEMS Yeast Research
  • The influence of resource use on yield versus sale price trade-off in Australian vineyards. [Read full-text onlinePLoS One
  • Monitoring grapevine fungicide resistance in Australia. [Read full-text onlineAustralian & New Zealand Grapegrower & Winemaker
  • Natural glycolipids for the control of spoilage organisms in red wine. [Read full-text onlineProceedings of the World Congress of Vine and Wine 2024.
  • Persistence of wine polysulfides: Investigation of the stability of isolated glutathione and cysteine species. [Read full-text onlineFood Chemistry
  • Quantification of thiophenols at nanogram-per-liter levels in wine by UHPLC-MS/MS after derivatization with N-ethylmaleimide. [Read abstract online] [Request copy from AWRI LibraryJournal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
  • Time-of-day-dependent effects of a green tea extract on postprandial glycemia and insulinemia in healthy adults: a randomized, controlled, double-blind, cross-over intervention. [Read full-text onlineFood & Function

Viticulture

  • Automated yield prediction in vineyard using RGB images acquired by a UAV prototype platform [Read full-text onlineOENO One
  • Evaluation of suitable base spray rate estimation methods for precision chemical applications in vineyards and different training systems [Read abstract online] [Request copy from AWRI LibraryAmerican Journal of Enology and Viticulture
  • Global maps of canopy photosynthesis of grapevines under a changing climate [Read full-text onlineAmerican Journal of Enology and Viticulture
  • Impact of different mulching practices on grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) growth and soil properties [Read full-text onlineGSC Advanced Research and Reviews
  • Increasing nitrogen cycling in deciduous fruit orchards and vineyards to enhance N use efficiency and reduce N losses – A review [Read full-text onlineEuropean Journal of Agronomy
  • New advancements in autonomous and robotic vineyard equipment promote efficiency, environmental and cost benefits [Read full-text onlineWine Business Monthly
  • Potential of ethanol to reduce grapevine transpiration [Read full-text onlineOENO One
  • Putting down roots: Why a range of Italian grape varieties are flourishing in Australia’s soils, and what the future holds for them [Request copy from AWRI LibraryDecanter
  • Should we be more concerned about bacterial inflorescence rot and other bacterial vine diseases in the face of climate change? [Access copy from AWRI Library online] Australian & New Zealand Grapegrower & Winemaker
  • Vineyard design and plant material choices effect on grapevine yield: analysis of a big dataset in the south of France [Read abstract online] [Request copy from AWRI LibraryAgronomy for Sustainable Development

Sustainability

  • Cleaning up winery wastewater: Simple switches to minimise water wastage [Access copy from AWRI Library onlineAustralian & New Zealand Grapegrower & Winemaker
  • Enhancing energy efficiency in wineries: A novel benchmarking approach [Read full-text onlineSustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments
  • Hitting the marc: turning grape marc into value with a novel engineering bioprocess [Read full-text onlineNew Zealand Winegrower
  • Main factors influencing consumer willingness to pay for sustainable wine [Read full-text onlineInternational Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science
  • Sustainable energy management: Energy flow and economic analysis of grape production [Read full-text onlineSustainability
  • Welcome to the zoo: An hour with Lucy Etheridge [Read abstract online] [Request copy from AWRI Library] WBM: Australia’s Wine Business Magazine
  • Wine tourism as a catalyst for sustainable performance: the mediating role of corporate legitimacy and green innovation [Read full-text onlineAgribusiness

Oenology

  • Assessment of fumaric acid, ascorbic acid, and glutathione as alternatives to SO₂: Effects on red and white wine volatile composition [Read full-text onlineLWT
  • Does Saccharomyces cerevisiae play a supporting role in mousy off-flavours production? [Read full-text onlineIVES Technical Reviews, vine and wine
  • Dual optically responsive paper-membrane for simple, portable, and versatile control of total and volatile acidity in wines [Read full-text onlineAnalytica Chimica Acta
  • Evaluating the potential of gamma-glutamylcysteine and glutathione as substitutes for SO2 in white wine [Read full-text onlineFood Science & Nutrition
  • The impact of GoLo technology on the quality properties of dealcoholised wines [Read full-text onlineApplied Sciences
  • The influence of polyphenols on the hydrolysis and formation of volatile esters in wines during aging: An insight of kinetic equilibrium reaction [Read abstract online] [Request copy from AWRI LibraryFood Chemistry
  • Overcapping wax: an aesthetic or functional element [Read full-text onlineIVES Technical Reviews, vine and wine
  • Rapid white wine shelf-life prediction by forecasting free SO2 loss post-bottling [Read full-text onlineAmerican Journal of Enology and Viticulture
  • Sensory effects of COVID-19 in wine professionals [Read full-text onlinePLOS ONE
  • Talking techniques: Finding solutions with filtration equipment and processes [Access copy from AWRI Library onlineAustralian & New Zealand Grapegrower & Winemaker

Acknowledgments

This work is supported by Wine Australia, with levies from Australia’s grapegrowers and winemakers and matching funds from the Australian Government. AWRI is a member of the Wine Innovation Cluster in Adelaide, SA.

The AWRI prepares to launch Australia’s first DNA-based grapevine clonal ID service

8 July 2025 >

Tuesday, 8 July 2025

In a significant step for Australian viticulture, the Australian Wine Research Institute (AWRI) is preparing to launch a DNA-based grapevine clonal identification service, offering winegrape producers greater certainty and flexibility in the clonal identification process.

This is the first time such an advanced genomic analysis tool has been made available to the Australian wine industry, bringing greater accuracy and confidence to a task long reliant on visual assessments, anecdotal history, or paperwork.

“Clone misidentification can have long-term impacts on wine style, yield, and disease resistance, but it often can’t be definitively determined until years after planting, if at all,” said Dr Anthony Borneman, AWRI Research Manager Molecular Biology.

“With this new service, Australian growers, nurseries, and wine businesses can prevent costly mistakes before they happen.”

Developed by the AWRI with levy funding support through Wine Australia, the new service will be offered via the organisation’s commercial arm, Affinity Labs. Wine businesses, vine improvement groups, and nurseries can submit vine tissue samples and receive a detailed report identifying the most likely clonal match, and a confidence rating for the result.

Dr Borneman continued, “Whether you’re planting, checking source material, or investigating why a vineyard isn’t performing as expected – knowing your vine’s clonal ID enables you to protect grapevine value, manage quality, and plan with confidence.”

The service will initially support clonal identification for Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, and Riesling, with further varieties to be added in future.

Who will benefit:

  • Wine businesses sourcing or verifying planting material
  • Nurseries looking to back up clone claims
  • Growers investigating block variation or underperformance
  • Viticulturists and researchers validating trial blocks or heritage material
  • Vine improvement groups confirming the identity and integrity of propagation material in regional collections

The AWRI is currently inviting expressions of interest from wine businesses and nurseries interested in trialling the service ahead of its full commercial release.

Further information can be found at awri.com.au/grapevine-clonal-identification-service/

 

Media Contact: Lucy Hyde, Communications Manager, Australian Wine Research Institute, lucy.hyde@awri.com.au, 0486 179 344

MACSYS and AWRI team up for new wine research project

26 June 2025 >

26 June 2025

The Australian Wine Research Institute (AWRI) and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for the Mathematical Analysis of Cellular Systems (MACSYS) have come together to bring new insights to Australia’s wine industry.

The collaboration aims to provide grape growers and winemakers with innovative tools to enhance the quality, sustainability, and efficiency of the winemaking process.

Researchers will undertake two projects focused on yeast metabolism and fermentation dynamics.

Project 1: Modelling yeast metabolism – a mathematical and statistical approach

Yeast plays a fundamental role in fermentation, influencing the development of flavours and aromas in wine. The project aims to further explore how the genetic features of yeast impact the production of both pleasant and unwanted taste compounds.

MACSYS Chief Investigator Professor Matthew Simpson (QUT) explains, “This project combines MACSYS’s expertise in mathematical modelling, statistical data science, and machine learning with AWRI’s industry-driven insights. We’re aiming to provide winemakers with a better understanding of how yeast processes sugars and other compounds during fermentation.”

Project 2: Using mathematical and statistical modelling to understand yeast competition in fermentation

The second project examines the competition between different yeast species during fermentation. These interactions can affect the fermentation process and, ultimately, the wine’s final characteristics. In other words, fermentation reliability and flavour profile.

AWRI Research Manager Dr. Simon Schmidt states, “Understanding these dynamics is essential for winemakers looking to refine fermentation control. Our collaboration with MACSYS will help us develop predictive models that can assist winemakers in selecting and balancing yeast populations to ensure that desirable strains dominate.”

A growing collaboration

The MACSYS team includes Professor Mat Simpson and Dr Alex Johnston from QUT, and Professor Traude Beilharz from Monash University. As part of this initiative, they will work with AWRI researchers specialising in yeast strain competition.

Both projects synergise with established MACSYS projects in the regulation of central carbon metabolism, protein translation and mRNA biology in yeasts. MACSYS Chief Investigator Professor Traude Beilharz explains, “It’s exciting to think about expanding our knowledge of model yeasts to understand how pathways enhance the aroma, flavour, colour and texture in wine”.

Stay tuned for more information about this exciting collaboration. MACSYS will bring you updates on its LinkedIn page and website as they happen.

 

Media contacts:
Tim Macuga, MACSYS: Tim.Macuga@qut.edu.au, 07 3138 6741
Lucy Hyde, AWRI: lucy.hyde@awri.com.au

New edition of the “Dog book” now available to Australian wine industry

19 June 2025 >

18 June 2025

The Australian Wine Research Institute (AWRI) has released its 32nd edition of Agrochemicals registered for use in Australian viticulture, commonly known as the ‘Dog book’.

Updated yearly to align with each growing season, the booklet is a reference guide for grapegrowers and wineries to ensure the safe and timely application of agrochemical treatments.

In 2024, 8.5% of enquiries to the AWRI Helpdesk related to agrochemicals, highlighting the continued importance of this trusted resource.

While the ‘Dog book’ contains information that is relevant across the Australian wine sector, recommendations are essential to exporting wine companies and their growers, to ensure final wines meet key export market quality requirements.

The 2025/26 edition recommends agrochemicals for use in the production of grapes for export wine against key target fungal and insect pests, outlines use restrictions and highlights key changes from the previous edition. It also includes fungicide resistance management strategies and answers to frequently asked questions.

Recommendations in the ‘Dog book’ are science-led, strongly consider practical application and have been endorsed by the Australian wine industry’s Agrochemical Reference Group.

Updates to the 2025-26 ‘Dog book’ include:

  • guidance on how to access free fungicide resistance testing
  • identification of cancelled products, their last use date and disposal options.

This valuable resource supports informed decision making for growers, protects our consumers, and demonstrates the Australian wine industry’s commitment to the responsible application of treatments by considering impacts to vines, the environment and our people.

The ‘Dog book’ is a free industry resource, available in hard copy and online via the AWRI website.

This publication is supported by Wine Australia, with levies from Australia’s grapegrowers and winemakers, and matching funds from the Australian Government.

 

Quotes:

 “The ‘Dog book’ is one of the AWRI’s most recognisable and trusted outputs. It is a demonstration of the AWRI’s expertise and relevance to industry and assists in ensuring we protect our export markets.” (Suzanne McLoughlin, Team Leader Engagement and Sustainability, AWRI)

“The ‘Dog book’ is a key reference document for the Australian wine industry to ensure the quality and integrity of our wines to the world.” (Philip Deverell, National Viticulturist, Vinarchy) 

 

Contact: AWRI Communications Manager, Lucy Hyde, lucy.hyde@awri.com.au

Agrochemicals update: Key changes to the 2025-26 “Dog Book”

18 June 2025 >

18 June 2025

The 2025/26 Agrochemicals registered for use in Australian viticulture, commonly known as the ‘Dog book’, is now available online via the AWRI website, with hard copies being mailed this month.

Read on for a summary of the key changes to this year’s ‘Dog book’ and additional information:

  • New active constituent
  • Changes to export harvest intervals
  • Active constituent reviews and cancelled products
  • Notification of change to poison schedule rating
  • Managing fungicide resistance
  • Managing herbicide resistance
  • Off-label grapevine permits
  • About the ‘Dog book’

New active constituent
The following active constituent is registered for use in winegrape production by the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority (APVMA) and is listed in the ‘Dog book’ for the first time:

AFIDOPYROPEN
APVMA product number 82738: Versys Insecticide is a BASF Australia Ltd product registered for suppression of Long tailed mealybug in vineyards. It is an activity group 9D insecticide, most active against 2nd and 3rd instar stages.

Recommended export harvest interval (withholding period): Use no later than E-L 31, berries pea-sized (not greater than 7mm diameter).

Changes to export harvest intervals
Export harvest intervals have been extended for two active ingredients as follows:

PYDIFLUMETOFEN
APVMA product number 82484: Miravis Adepidyn technology fungicide is a Syngenta Australia Pty Ltd product registered for control of Powdery mildew in vineyards. It is an activity group 7 fungicide.

Recommended export harvest interval (withholding period): Changed from E-L 19, beginning of flowering when caps start loosening, to Use no later than E-L 25 (80% capfall).

MEFENTRIFLUCONAZOLE
APVMA product number 84344: Belanty fungicide is a BASF Australia Ltd product registered for control of Powdery mildew on grapes. It is an activity group 3 fungicide.

Recommended export harvest interval (withholding period): Changed from Use no later than E-L 31, berries pea-sized (not greater than 7mm diameter), to Use no later than 35 days before harvest.

Active constituent reviews and cancelled products
The APVMA continues to complete regulatory reviews on a range of active constituents. Three actives outlined below have been cancelled for use in vineyards.

DIAZINON
Insecticide products containing diazinon are no longer permitted for use on winegrapes from 10 September 2025. This active has been removed from the 2025/26 ‘Dog book’.

CHLORPYRIFOS
Insecticide products containing chlorpyrifos are no longer permitted for use on winegrapes from 30 September 2025. This active has been removed from the 2025/26 ‘Dog book’.

MALATHION
Insecticide products containing malathion are no longer permitted for use on winegrapes from 1 May 2026. One product with this active has been retained in the 2025/26 ‘Dog book’ for potential use until this cancellation date.

Any products containing these three actives not applied by the ‘last use date’ must be responsibly disposed. The ChemClear program managed by AgSafe facilitates safe disposal of unused and obsolete agricultural chemicals. Register your chemicals for disposal or call 02 6206 6888.

For a comprehensive product list relevant to winegrapes as at May 2025, including products voluntarily cancelled, stopped, or for which effectively have been discontinued by the manufacturer, refer here.

As a result of the above reviews, the AWRI has updated the chemical treatment listings contained in the following two fact sheets:

Notification of change to poison schedule rating
BROMOXYNIL PRODUCTS CONTAINING MORE THAN 1.5% w/v
All products containing more than 1.5% w/v of bromoxynil have been reclassified from a Schedule 6 ‘Poison’ to a Schedule 7 ‘Dangerous Poison’.   From 1 February 2025, the APVMA has been taking regulatory action to ensure relevant product label signal headings and storage requirements comply with this change. This change is relevant to all herbicide products listed in the 2025/26 ‘Dog book’ for which bromoxynil is the active ingredient with diflufenican (Colt, Kelpie DFF + Brom MX, Jagged, Lobak, Meerkat, Ruger).

Requirements for storage and handling of Schedule 7 chemicals vary by state.  In South Australia, they may only be sold or supplied to a person who holds a current Chemical Accreditation, like ChemCert. Similarly in Victoria, a Standard Agricultural Chemical Users Permit is required.

Managing fungicide resistance
To ensure continued effectiveness of fungicides from a range of fungicide activity groups against a target disease, it is essential that fungicide resistance management strategies are followed. These have been updated for botrytis, powdery mildew and downy mildew in the 2025/26 ‘Dog book’.

In vineyards where disease control issues have been noted, some fungicide resistance has been detected against these three diseases. If you are concerned about the lack of control you are achieving from your fungicide spray program, a free fungicide resistance testing service is available to winegrape producers until June 2027. Further details are provided in the 2025/26 ‘Dog book’.

Managing herbicide resistance
New to the 2025/26 ‘Dog book’ is general guidance information on herbicide resistance, including key factors that contribute to its development.

Off-label grapevine permits
Situations can arise whereby chemicals are needed to target a particular pest that is not specified on the label. In such instances an ‘off-label’ permit may be obtained through the APVMA. Examples include for use against wasps or fruit fly.

For a list of current off-label permits issued for use on winegrapes in various situations, refer here. Note that these use cases are not listed in the ‘Dog book’. Prior to use, it is essential to read all the conditions attached to a permit and to contact your winery or grape purchaser.

About the ‘Dog book’
The ‘Dog book’ is an annually published reference guide for Australian grape and wine industry and should not be interpreted as an endorsement of any product. It helps facilitate export market access, responsible application of chemical treatments and environmental stewardship.

  • Look out for the 2025/26 ‘Dog book’ as an insert in the July issue of the Australia & New Zealand Grapegrower and Winemaker magazine.
  • Refer here for a digital copy of the ‘Dog book’ which will be updated through the year as new active ingredients become registered and available for use.
  • To order a hard copy from the AWRI, complete the ‘Dog book’ sign up form here.
  • For more resources relevant to agrochemical treatments, visit the dedicated Agrochemicals page on the AWRI website.
  • For more information, please contact Suzanne McLoughlin on 08 8313 6600 or email helpdesk@awri.com.au.

Acknowledgements
This eBulletin is supported by Wine Australia with levies from Australia’s grapegrowers and winemakers and matching funds from the Australian Government. AWRI is a member of the Wine Innovation Cluster in Adelaide, SA.